"High sensitivity HPLC method for determination of the allysine concentration in tissue by use of a naphthol derivative".
^ Waghorn PA, Oliveira BL, Jones CM, Tager AM, Caravan P (October 2017). "Allysine and α-Aminoadipic Acid as Markers of the Glyco-Oxidative Damage to Human Serum Albumin under Pathological Glucose Concentrations". ^ Luna C, Arjona A, Dueñas C, Estevez M (March 2021). "Formation of allysine in β-lactoglobulin and myofibrillar proteins by glyoxal and methylglyoxal: Impact on water-holding capacity and in vitro digestibility". Journal of the American Chemical Society. " 68Ga-NODAGA-Indole: An Allysine-Reactive Positron Emission Tomography Probe for Molecular Imaging of Pulmonary Fibrogenesis". ^ Wahsner J, Désogère P, Abston E, Graham-O'Regan KA, Wang J, Rotile NJ, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. "The cross-linking of collagen and elastin: enzymatic conversion of lysine in peptide linkage to alpha-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde (allysine) by an extract from bone". ^ Pinnell SR, Martin GR (October 1968). This method of detection was used to show that allysine has a 2.5 fold higher concentration in fibrotic vs. Allysine can then be quantified through use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Allysine quantification Īllysine can be reacted with sodium 2-naphthol-6-sulfonate to produce a fluorescent bis-naphtol allysine product. Regarding the underlying functions of tryptophan and its metabolites, depletion of tryptophan and its metabolites may result in additional physiological problems such as coronary artery disease and neurological complications. Both allysine and α-AA levels were found to rise as glucose levels increased which lead to the depletion of tryptophan. 
To get a better understanding of this concept, human serum albumin was incubated for 32 hours at 37 degrees Celsius in the presence of FeCl 3 (25 μM) and increasing glucose concentrations. Allysine and its oxidation product, α- amino adipic acid (α-AA), have been discovered to also be diabetes risk indicators. The study of particular protein carbonyls, such as allysine, reveals more about specific redox processes and mechanisms at the molecular level. To qualify protein carbonyls in biological systems, most research studies use the dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) process. Increased allysine concentration in tissues has been correlated to the presence of fibrosis. The oxidation of lysine residues present in collagen creates the aldehyde, aminoadipic-δ-semialdehyde (allysine). Fibrous tissue containing oxidized collagen may result in a condition known as fibrosis.
Large quantities of elastin and collagen present in tissue may lead to metastasis: spread of disease.
It is produced by the actions of the enzyme lysyl oxidase in the extracellular matrix and is essential in the crosslink formation that stabilizes collagen and elastin. Allysine is a derivative of lysine, used in the production of elastin and collagen.
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